The following are the main lessons learnt from the implementation of TOKTEN Sudan so far, as perceived from this review. Overall: 1. TOKTEN presents a very cost-effective and generally efficient way of transferring knowledge and skills acquired by Sudanese nationals in the Diaspora to their compatriots at home. 2. A rather unique feature of TOKTEN is that since Volunteers and trainees share the same linguistic and cultural background, greater empathy is forged that helps to facilitate the knowledge transfer. This gives the project an advantage over such other options as the use of ?international experts?. 3. TOKTEN provides an opportunity for reconnection between many Sudanese in the Diaspora and their home country. In a few cases encountered in this review, TOKTEN assignments have led to the decision by some Volunteers to finally return home. 4. While TOKTEN is demand-driven, Host Institutions may require some assistance with properly articulating their ?demands?. The TOKTEN Rwanda experience, which tends to blend ?demand? and ?supply? in recruiting and assigning volunteers, could serve as a good example. 5. The effectiveness and sustainability of a project like TOKTEN depends very much on intense and sustained advocacy, both locally and abroad, that should involve the broad spectrum of stakeholders. It is critical for full recognition to be demonstrated, first, by UNDP itself. 6. It is obvious that a robust and stable management structure is critical to the efficiency and effectiveness of programmes. Some of the problems of TOKTEN with not meeting certain targets are ascribable, at least in part, to the instability of this structure at the implementation level.