- Evaluation Plan:
- 2018-2021, Independent Evaluation Office
- Evaluation Type:
- ICPE/ADR
- Planned End Date:
- 12/2019
- Completion Date:
- 12/2019
- Status:
- Completed
- Management Response:
- Yes
- Evaluation Budget(US $):
- 35,000
Independent Country Programme Evaluation: Serbia
| Document | Type | Language | Size | Status | Downloads |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 ICPE Serbia ToR.pdf |
tor | English | 308.33 KB | Posted | 42 |
| ICPE Serbia Annexes.pdf |
related-document | English | 726.80 KB | Posted | 82 |
| ICPE_Serbia EvaluationBrief.pdf |
summary | English | 252.26 KB | Posted | 71 |
| ICPE Serbia full report.pdf |
report | English | 6170.77 KB | Posted | 111 |
| Title | Independent Country Programme Evaluation: Serbia | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Atlas Project Number: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Evaluation Plan: | 2018-2021, Independent Evaluation Office | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Evaluation Type: | ICPE/ADR | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Status: | Completed | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Completion Date: | 12/2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Planned End Date: | 12/2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Management Response: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| UNDP Signature Solution: |
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| Corporate Outcome and Output (UNDP Strategic Plan 2018-2021) |
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| Evaluation Budget(US $): | 35,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Source of Funding: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Evaluation Expenditure(US $): | 35,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint Programme: | No | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint Evaluation: | No | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Evaluation Team members: |
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| GEF Evaluation: | No | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Key Stakeholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Countries: | SERBIA |
| Lessons | |
|---|---|
| Findings | |
| 1. | 2.1. Democratic governance Finding 1: UNDP support for democratic governance has contributed to making government institutions more open and effective, in line with the CPD. The portfolio was well-financed, with governance projects addressing the needs of central and local levels. UNDP support to increase the transparency and accountability of the Serbian Parliament has had a measure of success, but progress has been slow. Tag: Agriculture Rural development Effectiveness Resource mobilization Anti-corruption Civic Engagement e-Governance Human rights Justice system Local Governance Parliament Public administration reform Rule of law Donor relations Multilateral Partners Oversight Partnership Civil Societies and NGOs Security Capacity Building Technology Technical Support Data and Statistics SDG monitoring and reporting |
| 2. | Finding 2: UNDP involvement in the promotion of human rights and rule of law issues, such as the fight against corruption, has decreased during the period under review. Tag: Effectiveness Anti-corruption Civic Engagement e-Governance Human rights Justice system Parliament Public administration reform Rule of law Multilateral Partners Procurement Bilateral partners Country Government Coordination Technical Support |
| 3. | 2.2. Environment and energy Finding 3: UNDP support on climate change, energy efficiency and disaster risk reduction has helped the Government to improve policy implementation. The CPD framework has been flexible enough to enable responses to unforeseen needs, increasing the size of the portfolio from that initially planned. Tag: Climate Change Adaptation Climate change governance Disaster Risk Reduction Emission Reduction Energy Environment Policy Global Environment Facility fund Private Sector Financing Local Governance Monitoring and Evaluation Country Government Poverty Reduction Policy Advisory |
| 4. | Finding 4: UNDP contacts and networks have been valuable in the context of Serbia’s implementation of international conventions and compliance with the EU acquis, particularly in the area of climate change and energy, although the resources mobilised are too modest to address the full scale of challenges in the sector. Tag: Climate Change Adaptation Climate change governance Energy Efficiency Resource mobilization Human rights Justice system Parliament Human and Financial resources Policy Advisory |
| 5. | Finding 5: UNDP in Serbia has demonstrated flexibility and agility in response to natural disasters, helping the Government to strengthen its rapid response systems. Tag: Disaster risk management Disaster Risk Reduction Natural Disaster Relevance Local Governance Procurement Country Government UN Agencies Migration Refugees Resilience |
| 6. | 2.3. Inclusive and sustainable growth Finding 6: With fewer resources than originally planned, and encumbered with many small-scale and loosely connected interventions, the Inclusive and Sustainable Growth portfolio fell short of CPD objectives, notwithstanding positive results achieved at project level in some areas. Tag: Vulnerable Effectiveness Efficiency Sustainability Government Cost-sharing Human rights Local Governance Human and Financial resources Programme Synergy Results-Based Management Theory of Change UN Agencies Disabilities Inclusive economic growth Jobs and Livelihoods Social Protection Youth |
| 7. | Finding 7: The UNDP contribution to sustainable economic development was limited under this outcome area, although interventions in other portfolios contributed to job creation and inclusive markets. Tag: Agriculture Climate Change Adaptation Climate change governance Energy Relevance Anti-corruption e-Governance Health Sector Innovation Knowledge management Multilateral Partners Procurement International Financial Institutions Capacity Building Inclusive economic growth Jobs and Livelihoods Technology Trade and Development Policy Advisory |
| 8. | 2.4. Gender equality Finding 8: UNDP efforts for gender equality in Serbia have focused needed attention on zero tolerance for, and the eradication of, violence against women. Working with significant budget constraints, UNDP has also made important efforts to raise awareness and mainstream gender issues, including through joint programming with other United Nations Country Team (UNCT) members. Tag: Vulnerable Effectiveness Sustainability Gender Equality Gender Mainstreaming Gender-Based Violence Women's Empowerment Human rights Parliament Rule of law Joint UN Programme Knowledge management Partnership Bilateral partners Civil Societies and NGOs Country Government UN Agencies UN Country Team Capacity Building Social Protection Advocacy Agenda 2030 |
| 9. | 2.5. Portfolio management Finding 9: The Government’s readiness to fund UNDP interventions reflects its strong appreciation of UNDP expertise and capacity. However, this achievement carries the risk of funding being diverted to issues not envisioned in the agreed country programme. Tag: Relevance Government Cost-sharing Inclusive economic growth Policy Advisory |
| 10. | Finding 10: While coordination among UNDP partners in Serbia is good, more could be done to achieve stronger impact and efficiency. Tag: Effectiveness Efficiency Public administration reform Donor relations Partnership Country Government Coordination |
| 11. | 2.6. Results management Finding 11: The country programme is well organised and resourced, although the current results framework does not fully capture the full scope of programme accomplishments. Tag: Effectiveness Project and Programme management Quality Assurance Results-Based Management Risk Management Data and Statistics SDG Integration |
| 12. | 2.7. Joint-programming and inter-agency cooperation Finding 12: Although coordination with other United Nations agencies is encouraged through specific UNCT mechanisms to promote joint work and joint programming, the lack of enabling frameworks has been an obstacle to increased cooperation. Tag: Coherence Effectiveness Government Cost-sharing Gender Equality Women's Empowerment Human rights Joint UN Programme Monitoring and Evaluation Partnership Policies & Procedures UN Agencies UN Country Team Migration Disabilities Jobs and Livelihoods Coordination |
| Recommendations | |
|---|---|
| 1 | The next CPD should continue to support Serbia with high-level innovative advice and expertise to address its development needs, with increased emphasis on integrated and cross-cutting reforms, linked to the Sustainable Development Goals. Due to the timing of the previous CPD development, it was not strongly aligned with the SDGs. The next CPD should ensure this alignment, while emphasising a more holistic and integrated approach to development needs, linking the various sectors in which UNDP operates. The mix of UNDP programming areas remains relevant, and UNDP should continue its efforts to provide support and strategic advice on democratic governance, environment and energy, inclusive and sustainable growth, and gender equality. As a strong advocate and supporter of transparency, UNDP should continue its efforts to instigate clear and publicly open, transparent processes across the administration, developing and ensuring the sustainability of transparency tools, in particular for budgetary issues (e.g. My Budget Initiative). Efforts to ensure public participation at the local level should be stepped up in order to improve the transparency of local authorities and to strengthen confidence in local democracy by involving citizens in the policies that affect them. UNDP has a robust environment and energy programme with significant GEF funding. UNDP is well positioned to provide support to improve the legislative framework and promote transparent planning and implementation at both local and national levels, which are also in keeping with the country’s EU accession aspirations. There may be increased opportunities for UNDP to support Serbia’s air quality objectives, building on its expanding regional track record in support of sustainable energy and efficiency. Coordinating SDG fulfilment with the EU accession agenda can greatly accelerate both objectives. The promotion of EU norms and standards for environmental management, for instance, can greatly aid in the achievement of Serbia’s obligations under international environmental conventions. For example, the EU approach on biodiversity conservation (Natura 2000 network) is well-harmonised with the Convention on Biological Diversity.
|
| 2 | UNDP should redouble its efforts to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment and continue to engage the Government on human rights. UNDP should scale-up its efforts to mainstream gender and the empowerment of women across its programming and project portfolios. While considerable improvements have been made regarding responses to gender-based violence, a stronger representation of vulnerable groups must be ensured in consultation processes. Consideration should be given to opportunities for expanded joint programming on gender equality issues in order to address a broader range of factors responsible for inequality, including illiteracy, access to prenatal care and education, and incentives to engage in economic activities. Interventions in the field of violence against women deserve to be continued and expanded, building on the achievements of previous projects. UNDP should seek opportunities to continue providing advice on the promotion of human rights in the country. This is an important aspect of the long-standing engagement of UNDP in the country, and the UNDP position as a respected partner to Government gives it voice and standing that can make a difference. |
| 3 | As UNDP looks to expand its funding base in Serbia, decisions on new programming opportunities should serve to strengthen the role of UNDP as a provider of strategic advice. Care should be taken to ensure that the increased use of government cost-sharing does not limit UNDP to a purely executor role. In this respect, UNDP should identify the areas in which its expertise can add value to government policies in order to remain an agent of change capable of influencing government choices in line with the SDGs, and the priorities set out in the DPF and CPD. The effort to diversify funding sources, including new forms of financing (e.g. public-private partnerships, crowdfunding), present important opportunities to test out innovative approaches. This is in line with the UNDP Strategic Plan 2018-2021, which seeks to improve the UNDP business model by putting emphasis on innovation and organisational efficiency. UNDP should continue to build on its successful utilisation of funds from the GEF, including for regional environmental projects, and seek opportunities to tap into UNDP global success as an implementing partner for the Green Climate Fund. |
| 4 | Improvements in project design should be launched during the next CPD to strengthen impact and sustainability. The country office should ensure that all projects support the CPD priorities, with more robust indicators describing the causal pathways connecting interventions to outputs, outcomes and impact. This is in keeping with the new UNDP requirements for ‘theories of change’ for new programming. Sustainability aspects should be integrated into all country office projects, with disengagement strategies planned and agreed with beneficiary organisations at national and local levels, to ensure that they can take full responsibility for the results and remain committed to long-term intervention objectives. |
1. Recommendation:
The next CPD should continue to support Serbia with high-level innovative advice and expertise to address its development needs, with increased emphasis on integrated and cross-cutting reforms, linked to the Sustainable Development Goals.
Due to the timing of the previous CPD development, it was not strongly aligned with the SDGs. The next CPD should ensure this alignment, while emphasising a more holistic and integrated approach to development needs, linking the various sectors in which UNDP operates. The mix of UNDP programming areas remains relevant, and UNDP should continue its efforts to provide support and strategic advice on democratic governance, environment and energy, inclusive and sustainable growth, and gender equality.
As a strong advocate and supporter of transparency, UNDP should continue its efforts to instigate clear and publicly open, transparent processes across the administration, developing and ensuring the sustainability of transparency tools, in particular for budgetary issues (e.g. My Budget Initiative). Efforts to ensure public participation at the local level should be stepped up in order to improve the transparency of local authorities and to strengthen confidence in local democracy by involving citizens in the policies that affect them.
UNDP has a robust environment and energy programme with significant GEF funding. UNDP is well positioned to provide support to improve the legislative framework and promote transparent planning and implementation at both local and national levels, which are also in keeping with the country’s EU accession aspirations. There may be increased opportunities for UNDP to support Serbia’s air quality objectives, building on its expanding regional track record in support of sustainable energy and efficiency.
Coordinating SDG fulfilment with the EU accession agenda can greatly accelerate both objectives. The promotion of EU norms and standards for environmental management, for instance, can greatly aid in the achievement of Serbia’s obligations under international environmental conventions. For example, the EU approach on biodiversity conservation (Natura 2000 network) is well-harmonised with the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Management Response: [Added: 2020/07/20] [Last Updated: 2020/11/02]
The new CPD will be guided by national priorities, the UNSDCF, UNDP Strategic Plan, European Union accession and the Decade of Action for the SDGs. It will build on results achieved to date and lessons learned from evidence-based performance analysis while also anticipating new areas of intervention. The vision and theory of change will be developed in consultation with citizens, civil society organizations, the private sector, innovation ecosystem actors, UNDP and United Nations staff, national and local governments, development partners and international financial institutions operating in Serbia. The scope of the programme will reflect multi-stakeholder concerns and aspirations intertwined with the UNDP value proposition. The approach will be focused on pursuing human-centred development. In terms of implementation, the country office will increase its capacities in order to be able to provide a holistic support package to the Government in working on the SDGs and accelerating implementation at the local level. The new CPD will be reviewed by the UNDP Executive Board in September 2020. The new programme will be ambitious, and will include non-traditional areas like green technology, e-governance, artificial intelligence, using multiple platforms and innovative funding mechanisms and engagement with international financial institutions. Under the new CPD, UNDP Serbia will be tackling these new areas by consistently applying a portfolio approach, allowing the new programme to respond to various non-traditional development challenges e.g. (COVID19, depopulation, circular economy).
Key Actions:
| Key Action | Responsible | DueDate | Status | Comments | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Support the Office of the President of Serbia to promote the progress and launch a national programme of action on the SDGs.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
SDG Integration Centre team | 2025/12 | Initiated | ||
| Support the Government to leverage private and innovative finances and investments for the SDGs, such as social impact bonds, green bonds for decent work and economic growth or green bonds for climate action. To support this vision the country office has beefed up its internal capacity by recruiting an Innovative Financing Specialist in addition to an Economist.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Programme team | 2025/12 | Initiated | ||
| Establish SDG Integration Centre and Acceleration Lab and ensure that the two units, through the platform way of working, engage with the national counterparts and programme on emerging developmental priorities and cross-cutting issues.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Resident Representative, Deputy Resident Representative | 2020/11 | Completed | ||
| Prepare the new CPD which responds to national priorities, UNSDCF and SDGs, and ensure that it is endorsed by the Government and quality reviewed by the Programme Appraisal Committee (PAC).
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Resident Representative, Programme team | 2020/05 | Completed | Draft CPD has been PAC-ed with high score quality assessment and submitted for the Executive Board approval during the September 2020 session History |
2. Recommendation:
UNDP should redouble its efforts to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment and continue to engage the Government on human rights.
UNDP should scale-up its efforts to mainstream gender and the empowerment of women across its programming and project portfolios. While considerable improvements have been made regarding responses to gender-based violence, a stronger representation of vulnerable groups must be ensured in consultation processes.
Consideration should be given to opportunities for expanded joint programming on gender equality issues in order to address a broader range of factors responsible for inequality, including illiteracy, access to prenatal care and education, and incentives to engage in economic activities. Interventions in the field of violence against women deserve to be continued and expanded, building on the achievements of previous projects. UNDP should seek opportunities to continue providing advice on the promotion of human rights in the country. This is an important aspect of the long-standing engagement of UNDP in the country, and the UNDP position as a respected partner to Government gives it voice and standing that can make a difference.
Management Response: [Added: 2020/07/20] [Last Updated: 2020/11/02]
During the next programme cycle, UNDP will seek solutions that allow greater learning, work and career opportunities for men and women, including the age 50+ generation, more tangible support to implementation of Roma inclusion policies and more genderresponsive services. Mobility and demographic transition will be treated as vectors of positive change through the retention of the skilled workforce, inclusion of the diaspora in redefining the future of Serbia and the creation of industry revolving around ageing. UNDP will continue to lead efforts to establish mechanisms for the integrated response to violence against women including the shift in the media’s role in addressing the topic. Recognising that gender equality and women’s empowerment issues are cross-cutting with most of the SDGs, the country office senior management decided to shift these functions to the SDG integration centre, allowing greater thematic coverage across all the programme cluster. To support more accountable institutions and empowered citizens, UNDP will further strengthen national and local mechanisms and capacities for good governance. Support will entail working on gender-responsive capacity development of public services and institutions, especially on the implementation of national and local development strategies. Increasing citizens’ representation and civic engagement will translate into the extension of opportunities for democratic dialogue, including the work with the Parliament
Key Actions:
| Key Action | Responsible | DueDate | Status | Comments | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Support the Government in implementing information technology re-skilling programmes by ensuring the equal participation of women and persons with disabilities.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Governance team | 2023/06 | Initiated | ||
| Support the functioning of the network of Female Journalists against Violence.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
SDG Integration Centre team | 2022/06 | Initiated | ||
| Support Parliament to install more citizen-centric rules of procedure.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Governance team | 2023/12 | Initiated | ||
| Pursue a portfolio of interventions to improve the transparency, accountability and efficiency of public institutions at central and local levels, supporting the creation of high-quality services for citizens and businesses, and a public administration that enhances economic stability and living standards
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Programme team | 2025/12 | Initiated |
3. Recommendation:
As UNDP looks to expand its funding base in Serbia, decisions on new programming opportunities should serve to strengthen the role of UNDP as a provider of strategic advice.
Care should be taken to ensure that the increased use of government cost-sharing does not limit UNDP to a purely executor role. In this respect, UNDP should identify the areas in which its expertise can add value to government policies in order to remain an agent of change capable of influencing government choices in line with the SDGs, and the priorities set out in the DPF and CPD.
The effort to diversify funding sources, including new forms of financing (e.g. public-private partnerships, crowdfunding), present important opportunities to test out innovative approaches. This is in line with the UNDP Strategic Plan 2018-2021, which seeks to improve the UNDP business model by putting emphasis on innovation and organisational efficiency.
UNDP should continue to build on its successful utilisation of funds from the GEF, including for regional environmental projects, and seek opportunities to tap into UNDP global success as an implementing partner for the Green Climate Fund.
Management Response: [Added: 2020/07/20] [Last Updated: 2020/11/02]
As government financing is increasingly important, UNDP will pursue different partnership modalities to respond to needs of national partners. The emerging cooperation with development banks (EIB, CEB & WB) will be built on the country office’s strong partnership with the Government and geared at increased project funding channelled through the Government. Traditional bilateral donors like SIDA and SDC will continue working with UNDP through new phases of projects (support to Parliament, public finance, gender-based violence). The country office will also attempt to mobilise additional resources from emerging donors (i.e. the Slovak Republic, Norway) to support the reform agenda in Serbia. UNDP will continue working on further improving the relations with the EU Delegation as well as with China around support for the SDGs and areas of common interest. The EU Delegation will continue providing assistance to help Serbia for future membership of the European Union and support their accession process. The EU Council agreed its position on the draft Regulation establishing the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA III) for the period 2021–2027, with a focus on “fundamentals first” - the rule of law and fundamental rights, economic governance and the strengthening of democratic institutions and public administration. UNDP will continue supporting Serbia in drawing funds from the Global Environment Facility and Green Climate Fund, as well as other vertical funds, to leverage further budget (including development loans) and private investment into environment- and climate-friendly initiatives. The private sector is an important player influencing development, but current engagement is limited and worth exploring, including with domestic companies. The convening role of UNDP will add value in building and nurturing non-financing partnerships in addition to donor relationships.
Key Actions:
| Key Action | Responsible | DueDate | Status | Comments | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provide support to the Public Investment Management Office, the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Mining and Energy and the City of Belgrade for complex construction related procurement processes by building institutional and human capacities of respective institutions and by installing quality assurance processes in order to ensure efficient and fair competition.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Resilience team | 2025/12 | Initiated | ||
| In creating the next phase energy portfolio, try to blend GEF funds with Council of Europe Bank (CEB) investment project and technical assistance from other sources.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Resilience team | 2021/12 | Initiated | ||
| Further enhance cooperation between Serbia and China through initiative for establishing of the Belt and Road Institute in Belgrade and use it for attracting more SDG-related investments and better align procurements with EU standards.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
SDG Integration team | 2023/12 | Initiated | ||
| Further enhance cooperation with the EU.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Resident Representative, Programme team | 2025/12 | Initiated | During the Covid crisis, UNDP managed to organise 15 flights full of medical equipment with EU support. History | |
| Explore engagement with large
corporations on how to align their
ways of working and investments with
sustainable development, particularly in
the area of circular economy.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
SDG Integration Centre team | 2025/12 | Initiated | We will also explore ways of attracting additional investment for the SDGs, such as through impact investment, green bonds, and other innovative financing instruments. The capacity of the Innovative Finance Specialist has been engaged by the country office to help towards that end History | |
| Explore ways of working with micro, small and medium sized businesses to promote inclusive growth, local entrepreneurship and job opportunities, especially among young people.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Programme Team | 2025/12 | Initiated | The office has already piloted innovation awards for companies that were best in identifying climate-smart and Covod-19 related innovative solutions as well as performance based payments |
4. Recommendation:
Improvements in project design should be launched during the next CPD to strengthen impact and sustainability.
The country office should ensure that all projects support the CPD priorities, with more robust indicators describing the causal pathways connecting interventions to outputs, outcomes and impact. This is in keeping with the new UNDP requirements for ‘theories of change’ for new programming.
Sustainability aspects should be integrated into all country office projects, with disengagement strategies planned and agreed with beneficiary organisations at national and local levels, to ensure that they can take full responsibility for the results and remain committed to long-term intervention objectives.
Management Response: [Added: 2020/07/20] [Last Updated: 2020/11/02]
UNDP will ensure that all projects support CPD priorities, with more robust indicators describing the causal pathways connecting interventions to outputs, outcomes and impact. Sustainability aspects will be integrated into all country office projects, with disengagement strategies planned and agreed with beneficiary organizations at national and local levels, to ensure that they can take full responsibility for the results and remain committed to long-term intervention objectives.
Key Actions:
| Key Action | Responsible | DueDate | Status | Comments | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reinvigorate project cycle management operating procedures and institute more robust programme and project assurance mechanisms
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Deputy Resident Representative, Programme team | 2021/12 | Initiated | The country office has engaged a full-time Monitoring and Evaluation and Assurance Analyst to ensure that corporate policies and standards are followed as well as an additional layer of Programme Analysts in charge of overseeing the implementation of the portfolios. | |
| Conduct regular consultations with stakeholders in order to ensure national ownership and engagement, help validate the suitability of interventions and inform adaptive management.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Resident Representative, Deputy Resident Representative, Programme team | 2025/12 | Initiated | Few formats already in place e.g. Council meetings, portfolio reviews, mandatory Project Boards, regular donor briefings. | |
| When appropriate, use diverse programming instruments for the effective delivery of results, such as the engagement facility, development services and memorandums for provision of services in addition to standard development projects
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Programme team | 2025/12 | Initiated | ||
| Institute transparent and compliant processes, closely monitor media and news and ensure proper external communication to address operational risks and continue looking for entry points to achieve transformational change.
[Added: 2020/11/02] |
Communication Unit | 2025/12 | Initiated |